Token and Taboo: Behavior Modification, Token Economies, and the Law

Token and taboo: behavior modification, token economies, and the law.

A theory of equilibrium in token economies.

A theory is presented which predicts that performance will stabilize at an equilibrium level in a long-term token economy. This prediction is based on the joint consideration of consumption schedules (relationships between income and expenditure) and a hypothesized critical range of savings (a range of savings above which performance deteriorates and below which performance improves). Procedure...

How to Make a Token Economy Work: Goals and Variables of Token Economies with the Institutionalized Mentally Retarded

Introduction The Token Economy Advantages of Token Economies Problems of Token Economies Management/Control Goals Disruptive Behavior Ward Care Behavior Self-care Behavior Therapeutic/Educative Goals Verbal Behaviors Social Behaviors Implementation of the Token Economy Staff Training Backup Reinforcers Social Reinforcement Economic Balance and Savings Intermittant Reinforcement Su~ary and Concl...

The Token Bucket Allocation and Reallocation Problems ( MPRASE Token Bucket )

This paper deals with the dimensioning of token buckets. Two related problems are formulated and solved. The first is the token bucket allocation problem (TBAP) which is finding the cost-minimal token bucket for the transmission of a given VBR traffic stream, e.g. an MPEG movie, from the user's point of view. This problem has been treated in literature before but as we will show not completely....

An EMMA and EPG study on token-to-token variability

The potential role of physical correlates of articulatory variability in vowel production was studied by means of EMMA and EPG. In accordance with Perkell & Nelson (1985), the hypothesis to be tested is that the amount and shape of token-totoken variability is influenced by the amount of palatal contact in such a way that high vowels exhibit different variability patterns than the other vowels....